Patel C, Marmot MG, Terry DJ, et al. Trial of relaxation in reducing coronary risk: Four year follow up. Br Med J 1985 Apr;290:1103-6.

Pederson LL, Wanklin JM, Lefcoe NM. The effects of counseling on smoking cessation among patients hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized clinical trial. Int J Addict 1991 Jan;26:107-19.

Rabkin SW, Boyko E, Shane F, Kaufert J. A randomized trial comparing smoking cessation programs utilizing behavior modification, health education or hypnosis. Addict Behav 1984;9:157-73.

Reid DD, Brett GZ, Hamilton PJS, Jarrett RJ, Keen H, Rose G. Cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among middle-aged male civil servants. Lancet 1974 Mar;:469-73.

Richmond RL, Austin A, Webster IW. Three year evaluation of a programme by general practitioners to help patients to stop smoking. Br Med J 1986 Mar;292:803-6.

Richmond RL, Webster IW. A smoking cessation programme for use in general practice. Med J Aust 1985 Feb;142:190-4.

Russell MA, Merriman R, Stapleton J, Taylor W. Effect of nicotine chewing gum as an adjunct to general practitioners' advice against smoking. Br Med J 1983 Dec;287:1782-5.

Russell MA, Wilson C, Taylor C, Baker CD. Effect of general practitioners' advice against smoking. Br Med J 1979 Jul;2:231-5.

Sanders D, Fowler G, Mant D, Fuller A, Jones L, Marzillier J. Randomized controlled trial of anti-smoking advice by nurses in general practice. J R Coll Gen Pract 1989 Jul;39:273-6.

Sexton M, Hebel JR. A clinical trial of change in maternal smoking and its effect on birth weight. JAMA 1984 Feb;251:911-5.

Shaughnessy AF, Davis RE, Reeder E. Nicotine chewing gum: Effectiveness and the influence of patient education in a family practice. J Fam Pract 1987;25:266-9.

Sivarajan ES, Bruce RA, Almes MJ, Green B, Belanger L, Lindskog BD et al. In-hospital exercise after myocardial infarction does not improve treadmill performance. N Engl J Med 1981 Aug;305:357-62.

Stevens VJ, Glasgow RE, Hollis JF, Lichtenstein E, Vogt TM. A smoking-cessation intervention for hospital patients. Med Care 1993 Jan;31:65-72.

Stewart PJ, Rosser WW. The impact of routine advice on smoking cessation from family physicians. Can Med Assoc J 1982 May;126:1051-4.

Taylor CB, Houston-Miller N, Killen JD, DeBusk RF. Smoking cessation after acute myocardial infarction: Effects of a nurse- managed intervention. Ann Intern Med 1990 Jul;113:118-23.

Valbo A, Nylander G. Smoking cessation in pregnancy. Intervention among heavy smokers. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1994 Mar;73:215-9.

Vetter NJ, Ford D. Smoking prevention among people aged 60 and over: A randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing 1990 May;19:164-8.

Weissfeld JL, Holloway JL. Treatment for cigarette smoking in a Department of Veterans Affairs outpatient clinic. Arch Intern Med 1991 May;151:973-7.

Wilson DM, Taylor DW, Gilbert JR, Best JA, Lindsay EA, Willms DG et al. A randomized trial of a family physician intervention for smoking cessation. JAMA 1988 Sep;260:1570-4.

Wilson DH, Wakefield MA, Steven ID, Rohrsheim RA, Esterman AJ, Graham NMH. "Sick of Smoking" evaluation of a targeted minimal smoking cessation intervention in general practice. Med J Aust 1990 May;152:518-21.

Wilson D, Wood G, Johnston N, Sicurella J. Randomized clinical trial of supportive follow-up for cigarette smokers in a family practice. Can Med Assoc J 1982 Jan;126:127-9.

Windsor RA, Cutter G, Morris J, Reese Y, Manzella B, Bartlett EE et al. The effectiveness of smoking cessation methods for smokers in public health maternity clinics: A randomized trial. Am J Public Health 1985 Dec;75:1389-92.

Windsor RA, Lowe JB, Bartlett EE. The effectiveness of a worksite self-help smoking cessation program: A randomized trial. J Behav Med 1988 Aug;11:407-21.

Windsor RA, Lowe JB, Perkins LL, Smith-Yoder D, Artz L, Crawford M et al. Health education for pregnant smokers: Its behavioral impact and cost benefit. Am J Public Health 1993 Feb;83:201-6.

Table 13. Efficacy of and Cessation Rates for Various Types of Content Relative to No-Contact Arms

Buchkremer G, Minneker E, Block M. Smoking-cessation treatment combining transdermal nicotine substitution with behavioral therapy. Pharmacopsychiatry 1991 May;24:96-102. (treated as two studies)

Burling TA, Marotta J, Gonzalez R, Moltzen JO, Eng AM, Schmidt GA et al. Computerized smoking cessation program for the worksite: Treatment outcome and feasibility. J Consult Clin Psychol 1989 Oct;57:619-22.

Cottraux JA, Harf R, Boissel JP, Schbath J, Bouvard M, Gillet J. Smoking cessation with behaviour therapy or acupuncture--A controlled study. Behav Res Ther 1983;21:417-24.

Curry SJ, Marlatt GA, Gordon J, Baer JS. A comparison of alternative theoretical approaches to smoking cessation and relapse. Health Psychol 1988;7:545-56.

Decker BD, Evans RG. Efficacy of a minimal contact version of a multimodal smoking cessation program. Addict Behav 1989;14:487- 91.

Emmons KM, Emont SL, Collins RL, Weidner G, et al. Relapse prevention versus broad spectrum treatment for smoking cessation: A comparison of efficacy. J Subst Abuse 1988;1:79-89.

Gilbert JR, Wilson DM, Singer J, Lindsay EA, Willms DG, Best JA et al. A family physician smoking cessation program: An evaluation of the role of follow-up visits. Am J Prev Med 1992 Mar;8:91-5.

Ginsberg D, Hall SM, Rosinski M. Partner support, psychological treatment, and nicotine gum in smoking treatment: An incremental study. Int J Addict 1992 May;27:503-14.

Gomel M, Oldenburg B, Simpson JM, Owen N. Work-site cardiovascular risk reduction: A randomized trial of health risk assessment, education, counseling, and incentives. Am J Public Health 1993 Sep;83:1231-8.

Gruder CL, Mermelstein RJ, Kirkendol S, Hedeker D, Wong SC, Schreckengost J et al. Effects of social support and relapse prevention training as adjuncts to a televised smoking-cessation intervention. J Consult Clin Psychol 1993;61:113-20.

Hall SM, Killen JD. Psychological and pharmacological approaches to smoking relapse prevention. In: Grabowski J, Hall SM (Editors). Pharmacological Adjuncts in Smoking Cessation. U.S. DHHS, PHS, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse Monograph 53, DHHS Publication No. (ADM)85-1333. 1985;53:131-43.

Hall SM, Tunstall CD, Vila KL, Duffy J. Weight gain prevention and smoking cessation: Cautionary findings. Am J Public Health 1992 Jun;82:799-803.

Hughes GH, Hymowitz N, Ockene JK, Simon N, Vogt TM. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). V. Intervention on smoking. Prev Med 1981 Jul;10:476-500.

Jamrozik K, Vessey M, Fowler G, Wald N, Parker G, Van Vunakis H. Controlled trial of three different antismoking interventions in general practice. Br Med J 1984 May;288:1499-1503.

Lando HA, Hellerstedt WL, Pirie PL, McGovern PG. Brief supportive telephone outreach as a recruitment and intervention strategy for smoking cessation. Am J Public Health 1992 Jan;82:41-6.

Lando HA, McGovern PG, Barrios FX, Etringer BD. Comparative evaluation of American Cancer Society and American Lung Association smoking cessation clinics . Am J Public Health 1990 May;80:554-9.

Langford ER, Thompson EG, Tripp SC. Smoking and health education during pregnancy: Evaluation of a program for women in prenatal classes. Can J Public Health 1983 Jul;74:285-9.

Leung JP. Smoking cessation by auricular acupuncture and behavioral therapy. Psychologia Intl J Psychol Orient 1991;34:177-87.

Mayer JP, Hawkins B, Todd R. A randomized evaluation of smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women at a WIC clinic. Am J Public Health 1990 Jan;80:76-8.

Mogielnicki RP, Neslin S, Dulac J, Balestra D, Gillie ECJ. Tailored media can enhance the success of smoking cessation clinics. J Behav Med 1986 Apr;9:141-61.

Mothersill KJ, McDowell I, Rosser W. Subject characteristics and long term post-program smoking cessation. Addict Behav 1988;13:29-36.

Omenn GS, Thompson B, Sexton M, Hessol N, Breitenstein B, Curry S et al. A randomized comparison of worksite-sponsored smoking cessation programs. Am J Prev Med 1988 Sep;4:261-7.

Orleans CT, Schoenbach VJ, Wagner EH, Quade D, Salmon MA, Pearson DC et al. Self-help quit smoking interventions: Effects of self-help materials, social support instructions, and telephone counseling. J Consult Clin Psychol 1991 Jun;59:439-48.

Patel C, Marmot MG, Terry DJ, et al. Trial of relaxation in reducing coronary risk: Four year follow up. Br Med J 1985 Apr;290:1103-6.

Paxton R. The effects of a deposit contract as a component in a behavioural programme for stopping smoking. Behav Res Ther 1980;18:45-50.

Pirie PL, McBride CM, Hellerstedt W, Jeffery RW, Hatsukami D, Allen S et al. Smoking cessation in women concerned about weight. Am J Public Health 1992 Sep;82:1238-43.

Rabkin SW, Boyko E, Shane F, Kaufert J. A randomized trial comparing smoking cessation programs utilizing behavior modification, health education or hypnosis. Addict Behav 1984;9:157-73.

Reid DD, Brett GZ, Hamilton PJS, Jarrett RJ, Keen H, Rose G. Cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among middle-aged male civil servants. Lancet 1974 Mar;:469-73.

Richmond RL, Austin A, Webster IW. Three year evaluation of a programme by general practitioners to help patients to stop smoking. Br Med J 1986 Mar;292:803-6.

Richmond RL, Makinson RJ, Kehoe LA, Giugni AA, Webster IW. One-year evaluation of three smoking cessation interventions administered by general practitioners. Addict Behav 1993 Mar;18:187-99.

Sanders D, Fowler G, Mant D, Fuller A, Jones L, Marzillier J. Randomized controlled trial of anti-smoking advice by nurses in general practice. J R Coll Gen Pract 1989 Jul;39:273-6.

Sexton M, Hebel JR. A clinical trial of change in maternal smoking and its effect on birth weight. JAMA 1984 Feb;251:911-5.

Stevens VJ, Glasgow RE, Hollis JF, Lichtenstein E, Vogt TM. A smoking-cessation intervention for hospital patients. Med Care 1993 Jan;31:65-72.

Stewart PJ, Rosser WW. The impact of routine advice on smoking cessation from family physicians. Can Med Assoc J 1982 May;126:1051-4.

Taylor CB, Houston-Miller N, Haskell WL, Debusk RF. Smoking cessation after acute myocardial infarction: The effects of exercise training. Addict Behav 1988;13:331-5.

Weissfeld JL, Holloway JL. Treatment for cigarette smoking in a Department of Veterans Affairs outpatient clinic. Arch Intern Med 1991 May;151:973-7.

Windsor RA, Lowe JB, Bartlett EE. The effectiveness of a worksite self-help smoking cessation program: A randomized trial. J Behav Med 1988 Aug;11:407-21.

Zelman DC, Brandon TH, Jorenby DE, Baker TB. Measures of affect and nicotine dependence predict differential response to smoking cessation treatments. J Consult Clin Psychol 1992 Dec;60:943-52.

Table 15. Efficacy of and Cessation Rates for Number of Person-to- Person Treatment Sessions

British Thoracic Society. Smoking cessation in patients: Two further studies by the British Thoracic Society. Thorax 1990 Nov;45:835-40.

Bronson DL, Flynn BS, Solomon LJ, Vacek P, Secker-Walker RH. Smoking cessation counseling during periodic health examinations. Arch Intern Med 1989 Jul;149:1653-6.

Cottraux JA, Harf R, Boissel JP, Schbath J, Bouvard M, Gillet J. Smoking cessation with behaviour therapy or acupuncture--A controlled study. Behav Res Ther 1983;21:417-24.

Curry SJ, Marlatt GA, Gordon J, Baer JS. A comparison of alternative theoretical approaches to smoking cessation and relapse. Health Psychol 1988;7:545-56.