INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF DIALLYL SULFIDE (DAS) ON THE METABOLISM AND TUMORIGENICITY OF THE TOBACCO-SPECIFIC CARCINOGEN 4- IN A/J MOUSE LUNGAMINO)-1-(3-PYRIDYL)-1-BUTANONE (NNK)

In: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res (1992) 33:A989

Horie T Awazu S Itakura Y Fuwa T

Identified diallyl polysulfides from an aged garlic extract which protects the membranes from lipid peroxidation [letter]

In: Planta Med (1992 Oct) 58(5):468-9

Ip C Lisk D

MAMMARY CANCER PREVENTION BY REGULAR GARLIC AND SELENIUM-ENRICHED GARLIC

In: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res (1992) 33:A969

Ip C Lisk DJ

Characterization of tissue selenium profiles and anticarcinogenic responses in rats fed natural sources of selenium-rich products.

In: Carcinogenesis (1994 Apr) 15(4):573-6

Ip C Lisk DJ

Bioavailability of selenium from selenium-enriched garlic.

In: Nutr Cancer (1993) 20(2):129-37

Ip C Lisk DJ Scimeca JA

Potential of food modification in cancer prevention.

In: Cancer Res (1994 Apr 1) 54(7 Suppl):1957s-1959s

Ip C Lisk DJ Stoewsand GS

Mammary cancer prevention by regular garlic and selenium-enriched garlic.

In: Nutr Cancer (1992) 17(3):279-86

Isensee H Rietz B Jacob R

Cardioprotective actions of garlic (Allium sativum).

In: Arzneimittelforschung (1993 Feb) 43(2):94-8

Kwai/Sapec--added to a standard chow for a 10-week period) on thesusceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias under ischemia andreperfusion was investigated in the isolated rat heart (Langendorffpreparation) perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution. Theincidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation (VF) afterligation of the descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD)(20 min) was significantly reduced in the garlic group as compared tountreated controls (VT: 0% vs. 35.5%; VF: 50% vs. 88%). The size ofthe ischemic zone was significantly smaller (31.7% vs. 40.9% of totalheart tissue). The reperfusion experiments (5 min after 10 minischemia) revealed similar results (VT: 50% vs. 100%; VF: 30% vs.90%). The time until occurrence of extrasystoles and VT or VF wasprolonged in most cases, and the duration of arrhythmias wasabbreviated. No significant alterations in cardiac membrane fattyacid composition could be found. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase byacetylsalicylic acid (ASA) caused a moderate increase in arrhythmiasand ischemic zone in the garlic group as well as in untreatedcontrols under the conditions of the present experiments. Thus, itseems that the prostaglandin system does not play a predominant rolein the cardioprotective action of garlic. The significance of freeradical scavenging activity of garlic for its antiarrhythmic effectshas to be established.

Jacob BG Schwandt P

[Cholesterol-lowering effects of garlic?]

Cholesterin-senkende Wirkung von Knoblauch?

In: Dtsch Med Wochenschr (1992 Mar 6) 117(10):397-8

Jain RC Konar DB: Effect of garlic oil in experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis. ATHEROSCLEROSIS 1978 Feb; 29(2):125-9

Addition of cholesterol in the diet of male albino rabbits produced hypercholesterolaemia, increased tissue cholesterol, and atheromatous changes in the aorta. Supplementation of garlic oil along with cholesterol significantly inhibited the hypercholesterolaemia, decreased tissue cholesterol and minimised the atheromatous changes in the aorta. These results show that the active constituent(s) in garlic responsible for its anti-atherogenic action is present in the oily fraction of garlic.

Jain AK Vargas R Gotzkowsky S McMahon FG

Can garlic reduce levels of serum lipids? A controlled clinical study.

Am J Med (1993 Jun) 94(6):632-5

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of standardized garlic powder tabletson serum lipids and lipoproteins, glucose, and blood pressure.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-two healthy adults (19 men, 23 women), mean age of 52 +/- 12 years, with a serum total cholesterol (TC)level of greater than or equal to 220 mg/dL received, in arandomized, double-blind fashion, either 300 mg three times a day ofstandardized garlic powder in tablet form or placebo. Diets andphysical activity were unchanged. This study was conducted in anoutpatient, clinical research unit. RESULTS: The baseline serum TClevel of 262 +/- 34 mg/dL was reduced to 247 +/- 40 mg/dL (p < 0.01)after 12 weeks of standard garlic treatment. Corresponding values forplacebo were 276 +/- 34 mg/dL before and 274 +/- 29 mg/dL afterplacebo treatment. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) wasreduced by 11% by garlic treatment and 3% by placebo (p < 0.05).There were no significant changes in high-density lipoproteincholesterol, triglycerides, serum glucose, blood pressure, and othermonitored parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with standardized garlic900 mg/d produced a significantly greater reduction in serum TC andLDL-C than placebo. The garlic formulation was well tolerated withoutany odor problems.

Johansson BW

[Garlic as cultural historical medicinal plant--truth or superstition?]

Vitlok som kulturhistorisk medicinalvaxt--sanning eller overtro?

In: Lakartidningen (1992 Sep 16) 89(38):3030, 3035

Kagawa K Matsutaka H Yamaguchi Y Fukuhama C: Garlic extract inhibits the enhanced peroxidation and production of lipids in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury.

PN J PHARMACOL 1986 Sep; 42(1):19-26

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) enhances lipid peroxidation, resulting in triglyceride accumulation in the liver. In this report, we studied the therapeutic, but not the preventive, effect of garlic extract on CCl4-intoxicated liver, in comparison to the effect of vitamin E. Garlic extract was given orally to mice in the dose of 10, 100 or 500 mg/kg at 6 hr after CCl4 administration. The increased conjugated-diene level was diminished significantly to 82% by the 100 mg/kg extract, and also thiobarbituric acid-reactivity was inhibited by allthe doses of the extract. In addition to the above mentioned effects, the high doses of garlic extract lowered hepatic triglyceride and lipid contents. Highly significant and positive correlation was observed between hepatic triglyceride content and conjugated-diene level in the lipid fraction of the liver. Besides, vitamin E at the dose of 25 mg/kg inhibited only lipid peroxidation. We, therefore, conclude that not only is garlic extract effective on diminution of lipid peroxide and on alteration of peroxidative status to more reductive condition like the effect of vitamin E, but it also inhibits hepatic triglyceride accumulation in injured liver.

Kaku H Goldstein IJ Van Damme EJ Peumans WJ

New mannose-specific lectins from garlic (Allium sativum) and ramsons (Allium ursinum) bulbs.

In: Carbohydr Res (1992 May 22) 229(2):347-53

Kenzelmann R Kade F

Limitation of the deterioration of lipid parameters by a standardized garlic-ginkgo combination product. A multicenter placebo-controlled double-blind study.

In: Arzneimittelforschung (1993 Sep) 43(9):978-81

Kiesewetter H Jung F Jung EM Blume J Mrowietz C Birk A Koscielny J Wenzel E

Effects of garlic coated tablets in peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

In: Clin Investig (1993 May) 71(5):383-6

Langer JW

[Drug information: garlic is healthy--but the jungle of preparations is dense]

In: Sygeplejersken (1992 Mar 18) 92(12):21

Lawson LD Ransom DK Hughes BG

Inhibition of whole blood platelet-aggregation by compounds in garlic clove extracts and commercial garlic products.

In: Thromb Res (1992 Jan 15) 65(2):141-56

Lee ES Steiner M Lin R

Thioallyl compounds: potent inhibitors of cell proliferation.

In: Biochim Biophys Acta (1994 Mar 10) 1221(1):73-7

Legnani C Frascaro M Guazzaloca G Ludovici S Cesarano G Coccheri S

Effects of a dried garlic preparation on fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation in healthy subjects.

In: Arzneimittelforschung (1993 Feb) 43(2):119-22

Lerner DJ Hulley SB

Does eating garlic lower cholesterol? [letter; comment]

In: Ann Intern Med (1994 Jun 1) 120(11):969-70

Lewin G Popov I

Antioxidant effects of aqueous garlic extract. 2nd communication: Inhibition of the Cu(2+)-initiated oxidation of low density lipoproteins.

In: Arzneimittelforschung (1994 May) 44(5):604-7

Lin XY Liu JZ Milner JA

Dietary garlic suppresses DNA adducts caused by N-nitroso compounds.

In: Carcinogenesis (1994 Feb) 15(2):349-52

Lin XY Liu JZ Milner JA

Dietary garlic powder suppresses the in vivo formation of DNA adducts induced by n-nitroso compounds in liver and mammary tissues.

In: FASEB J (1992) 6(4):A1392

Liu J Lin RI Milner JA

Inhibition of 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors and DNA adducts by garlic powder.

In: Carcinogenesis (1992 Oct) 13(10):1847-51

Ludeke BI Domine F Ohgaki H Kleihues P

Modulation of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine bioactivation by diallyl sulfide in vivo.

In: Carcinogenesis (1992 Dec) 13(12):2467-70

Lun ZR Burri C Menzinger M Kaminsky R

Antiparasitic activity of diallyl trisulfide (Dasuansu) on human and animal pathogenic protozoa (Trypanosoma sp., Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia) in vitro.

In: Ann Soc Belg Med Trop (1994 Mar) 74(1):51-9

Martin N Bardisa L Pantoja C Roman R Vargas M

Experimental cardiovascular depressant effects of garlic (Allium sativum) dialysate.

In: J Ethnopharmacol (1992 Sep) 37(2):145-9

McFadden JP White IR Rycroft RJ

Allergic contact dermatitis from garlic.

In: Contact Dermatitis (1992 Nov) 27(5):333-4

McMahon FG Vargas R

Can garlic lower blood pressure? A pilot study.

In: Pharmacotherapy (1993 Jul-Aug) 13(4):406-7

Mennella JA Beauchamp GK

The effects of repeated exposure to garlic-flavored milk on the nursling's behavior.

In: Pediatr Res (1993 Dec) 34(6):805-8

Morioka N Morton DL and Irie RF

A protein fraction from aged garlic extract enhances cytotoxicity and proliferation of human lymphocytes mediated by interleukin-2 and concanavalin A (Meeting abstract).

In: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res (1993) 34:A3297

Morowitz: Between gargoylism and gas gangrene. HOSP PRACT (1981 Sep) 16(9):173, 176

Mohammad SF Woodward SC: Characterization of a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and release reaction isolated from allium sativum (garlic).

THROMB RES 1986 Dec 15; 44(6):793-806

When added to platelet-rich plasma, aqueous extracts of garlic inhibited platelet aggregation and the release reaction. Subsequent experiments designed to characterize the inhibitory component revealed that the inhibitory activity was i) associated with small molecular-weight components, ii) the inhibitory component possessed the typical garlic odor and contained an abundance of sulfur, iii) the inhibitory activity could be extracted with organic solvents, and iv) temperatures above 56 degrees C and alkaline pH above 8.5 quickly destroyed the inhibitory activity. The Rf value of the major inhibitory component after thin-layer chromatographic separation was similar to that of allicin, an unique thiosulfinate in garlic previously shown to possess strong antibiotic and antifungal properties. Allicin was synthesized. On thin-layer chromatographic plates, allicin co-migrated with the inhibitory component in garlic. At 10 microM concentration, allicin inhibited completely platelet aggregation and the release reaction. Comparative studies suggest that the major platelet aggregation and release inhibitor in garlic may be allicin.